ageless herbal products caucheteux approved quality  

		

   find us on Facebook

"We make living and aging a stunning experience…"

Click HERE to Shop in South Africa

For all official information and updates regarding COVID-19, visit the South African Department of Health's website at www.SAcoronavirus.co.za

Click HERE to Shop for the rest of the World

best quality anti-aging herbal products skin care body care hair care supplements capsules tablets




References used to compile article about human penis length

Although women cannot always understand why men are obsessed with the size of their penises, it is an important part of the male ego and on primal level denotes power, status, virility and sexual prowess.

average human penis size

There are certain myths around such as men with big feet, hands or noses having larger penises, or that men with African genetics are well-endowed.

In a study it was however found that women prefer a thicker penis (girth) than a longer penis as they experience better sexual stimulation and orgasm that way. In homosexual relationships however, where anal sex is practiced, the length of the penis is more important due to the fact that it better stimulates the prostate.

sexual supplement for better sex

To read the article please go here…

References:

  1. Penile length is normal in most men seeking penile lengthening procedures.; Mondaini N, Ponchietti R, Gontero P, Muir GH, Natali A, Caldarera E, Biscioni S, Rizzo M.; Int J Impot Res. 2002 Aug;14(4):283-6.
  2. Rosso C, Ostacoli L, Garbolino S, Furlan MP. The 'small penis': considerations about subjective penis deficiency. Arch It Urol 1998; LXX: 227-233.
  3. Predicting penile size during erection.; Chen J, Gefen A, Greenstein A, Matzkin H, Elad D.; Int J Impot Res. 2000 Dec;12(6):328-33.
  4. Ponchietti R et al. Penile length and circumference. A study on 3300 young Italian men. Eur Urol 2001; 39: 183-186.
  5. Masters WH, Johnson VE. Human sexual response. Boston, Little, Brown. 1966.
  6. Masters WH, Johnson VE. Human sexual inadequacy. Boston, Little, Brown. 1970.
  7. Masters WH, Johnson VE, Kolodny R. Heterosexuality. New York, Harper Collins. 1994.
  8. Deaux K. From individual differences to social categories. Amer Psychol. 1984;39:105–116. doi: 10.1037//0003-066X.39.2.105. [Cross Ref]
  9. DeKeseredy W. Women abuse in dating relationships: The role of male peer support. Toronto, Canadian Scholars Press. 1988.
  10. Eisenman R. From crime to creativity: Psychological and social factors in deviance. Dubuque, IA, Kendall/Hunt. 1991.
  11. Eisenman R. Conservative sexual values: Effects of an abstinence program on student attitudes. J Sex Educ & Ther. 1994;20:75–78.
  12. Eisenman R. Contemporary social issues: Drugs, crime, creativity, and education. Ashland, OH, BookMasters. 1994.
  13. Eisenman R. Human sexuality: Answers from evolutionary psychology. J Evol Psychol. 2001;22:53–55.
  14. Franzini LR, Sideman LM. Personality characteristics of condom users. J Sex Educ & Ther. 1994;20:110–118.
  15. Laquer T. Making sex: Body and gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge, MA, Harvard Univesity Press. 1990.
  16. Renisch JM. The Kinsey Institute new report on sex. New York: St Martin's. 1990.
  17. Shaw J. Aging and sexual potential. J Sex Educ & Ther. 1994;20:134–139.
  18. Mondaini N et al. Andrologic pathology discovered during conscription screening: how many young men were unaware? Minerva Urol Nefrol 2000; 52: 63-66, (In Italian).
  19. Loeb H. Harnrohrencapacitat und tripperspritzen. Munch Med Wochenschr 1899; 46: 17.
  20. Schonfeld WA, Beebe GW. Normal growth and variation in the male genitalia from birth to maturity. J Urol 1942; 48: 759.
  21. Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE. Sexual behaviour in the human male. Saunders: Philadelphia, 1948.
  22. Bondil P et al. Clinical study of the longitudinal deformation of the flaccid penis and its variations with aging. Eur Urol 1992; 21: 248.
  23. Da Ros C et al. Caucasian penis: what is normal size? J Urol 1994; 151: 323A.
  24. Richters J, Gerofi J, Donovan B. Are condoms the right size(s): a method for self measurements of erect penis. Venerology 1995; 8: 77-81.
  25. Wessells H, Lue TF, McAnich JW. Penile length in the flaccid and erect states: guidelines for penile augmentation. J Urol 1996; 156: 995.
  26. Smith AM et al. Does penis size influence condom slippage and breakage? Int J STD AIDS 1998; 9: 444-447.
  27. Schneider T et al. Does penile size in younger men cause problems in condom use? A prospective measurement of penile dimensions in 111 young and 32 older men. Urology 2001; 57: 314-318.
  28. Chen J et al. Predicting penile size during erection. Int J Impot Res 2000; 12: 328-333.
  29. Mattelaer JJ. The phallus in art and culture. In: EAU 2000, Edited by the Historical Committee of the European Association of Urology. The Netherlands pp. 8-9.
  30. Perovic SV, Djordjevic ML. Penile lengthening. BJU Int 2000; 86: 1028-1033.
  31. Erectile dysfunction as a sentinel marker of endothelial dysfunction disease.; Lojanapiwat B, Weerusawin T, Kuanprasert S.; Singapore Med J. 2009 Jul;50(7):698-701.
  32. Postnatal penile length and growth rate correlate to serum testosterone levels: a longitudinal study of 1962 normal boys.; Boas M, Boisen KA, Virtanen HE, Kaleva M, Suomi AM, Schmidt IM, Damgaard IN, Kai CM, Chellakooty M, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J, Main KM.; Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Jan;154(1):125-9.
  33. Sildenafil improves sleep-related erections in hypogonadal men: evidence from a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study of a synergic role for both testosterone and sildenafil on penile erections.; Rochira V, Balestrieri A, Madeo B, Granata AR, Carani C.; J Androl. 2006 Mar-Apr;27(2):165-75. Epub 2005 Nov 8. Erratum in: J Androl. 2006 May-Jun;27(3):480.
  34. Andersson A-M, Toppari J, Haavisto A-M, Petersen JH, Simell T, Simell O & Skakkebζk NE. Longitudinal reproductive hormone profiles in infants: peak of inhibin B levels in infant boys exceeds levels in adult men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998 83 675–681.
  35. Tapanainen J. Hormonal changes during the perinatal period: serum testosterone, some of its precursors, and FSH and prolactin in preterm and fullterm male infant cord blood and during the first week of life. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 1983 18 13–18.
  36. Bin-Abbas B, Conte FA, Grumbach MM & Kaplan SL. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and micropenis: effect of testosterone treatment on adult penile size: why sex reversal is not indicated. Journal of Pediatrics 1999 134 579–583.
  37. Boisen KA, Kaleva M, Main KM, Virtanen HE, Haavisto A-M, Schmidt IM, Chellakooty M, Damgaard IN, Mau C, Reunanen M, Skakkebaek NE & Toppari J. Difference in prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in infants between two Nordic countries. Lancet 2004 363 1264–1269. Simonoff JS. Smoothing Methods in Statistics. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996.
  38. Main KM, Schmidt IM & Skakkeaek NE. A possible role for reproductive hormones in newborn boys: progressive hypogonadism without the postnatal testosterone peak. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000 85 4905–4907.
  39. Grumbach MM. A window of opportunity: the diagnosis of gonadotropin deficiency in the male infant. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 3122–3127.
  40. Main KM, Schmidt IM, Toppari J & Skakkebaek NE. Early postnatal treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with recombinant human FSH and LH. European Journal of Endocrinology 2002 146 75–79.
  41. Ishii T, Sasaki G, Hasegawa T, Sato S, Matsuo N & Ogata T. Testosterone enanthate therapy is effective and independent of SRD5A2 and AR gene polymorphisms in boys with micropenis. Journal of Urology 2004 172 319–324.
  42. Schonfeld WA & Beebe GW. Normal growth and variation in the male genitalia from birth to maturity. Journal of Urology 1942 48 759–777.
  43. Ozbey H, Temiz A & Salman T. A simple method for measuring penile length in newborns and infants. BJU International 1999 84 1093–1094.
  44. Wessells H, Lue TF & McAninch JW. Penile length in the flaccid and erect states: guidelines for penile augmentation. Journal of Urology 1996 156 995–997.
  45. Feldman KW & Smith DW. Fetal phallic growth and penile standards for newborn male infants. Journal of Pediatrics 1975 86 395–398.
  46. Troshev K. Contribution to the anthropometric study of the penis in a group of Bulgarian boys from birth to the age of seven years. Acta Chirurgiae Plasticae 1969 11 140–148.
  47. Cheng PK & Chanoine JP. Should the definition of micropenis vary according to ethnicity? Hormone Research 2001 55 278–281.
  48. Kulkarni ML & Rajendran NK. Normal values for penile standards in newborns. Indian Pediatrics 1991 28 1341–1343.
  49. Vasudevan G, Manivarmane B, Bhat BV, Bhatia BD & Kumar S. Genital standards for south Indian male newborns. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 1995 62 593–596.
  50. Fok TF, Hon KL, So HK, Wong E, Ng PC, Chang A, Lau J, Chow CB & Lee WH. Normative data of penile length for term Chinese newborns. Biology of the Neonate 2005 87 242–245.
  51. Fujieda K & Matsuura N. Growth and maturation in the male genitalia from birth to adolescence. II. Change of penile length. Acta Paediatrica Japonica 1987 29 220–223.
  52. Al Herbish AS. Standard penile size for normal full term newborns in the Saudi population. Saudi Medical Journal 2002 23 314–316.
  53. Is penile length a factor in treatment of erectile dysfunction with PDE-5 inhibitor?; Savas M, Yeni E, Ciftci H, Topal U, Utangac M, Verit A. J Androl. 2009 Sep-Oct;30(5):515-9.
  54. The association between penis size and sexual health among men who have sex with men.; Grov C, Parsons JT, Bimbi DS.; Arch Sex Behav. 2010 Jun;39(3):788-97.
  55. Anogenital distance from birth to 2 years: a population study.; Thankamony A, Ong KK, Dunger DB, Acerini CL, Hughes IA.; Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Nov;117(11):1786-90.
  56. Benotsch EG, Kalichman SC, Cage M. Men who have met sex partners via the Internet: Prevalence, predictors, and implications for HIV prevention. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2002;31:177–183.
  57. Berger BE, Ferrans CE, Lashley FR. Measuring stigma in people with HIV: psychometric assessment of the HIV Stigma scale. Research in Nursing and Health. 2001;24:518–529.
  58. Bergling T. Chasing Adonis: Gay men and the pursuit of perfection. New York: Harrington Park Press; 2007.
  59. Bimbi DS, Parsons JT. The impact of intolerance: Stigma, satisfaction with gay life and generativity among gay men and lesbians. Paper presented at the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality.2004.
  60. Bimbi DS, Parsons JT, Nanνn JE. Stigma, life satisfaction, generativity and attachment to the gay community. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association.2005.
  61. Bogaert AF, Hershberger S. The relation between sexual orientation and penile size. Archives of Sex Behavior. 1999;28:213–221.
  62. Bordo S. The male body: A new look at men in public and private. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux; 1999.
  63. Carey MP, Braaten LS, Jaworski BC, Durant LE, Forsyth AD. HIV and AIDS relative to other health, social, and relationship concerns among low-income women: A brief report. Journal of Women’s Health and Gender Based Medicine. 1999;8:657–661.
  64. Chen JL, Kodagoda D, Lawrence AM, Kerndt PR. Rapid public health interventions in response to an outbreak of syphilis in Los Angeles. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2002;29:285–287.
  65. Connell RW. Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press; 1987.
  66. Connell RW. Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1995. Crosby RA, DiClemente RJ, Yarber WL, Snow G, Troutman A. An event-specific analysis of condom breakage among African American men at risk of HIV acquisition. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2008;35:174–177.
  67. Crosby RA, Salazar LF, Yarber WL, Sanders SA, Graham CA, Head S, et al. A Theory-Based approach to understanding condom errors and problems reported by men attending an STI clinic. AIDS and Behavior. 2008;12:412–418.
  68. Crosby RA, Yarber WL, Sanders SA, Graham CA. Condom discomfort and associated problems with their use among university students. Journal of American College Health. 2005;54:143–147.
  69. Crosby RA, Yarber WL, Sanders SA, Graham CA, McBride K, Milhausen RR, et al. Men with broken condoms: Who and why? Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2007;83:71–75.
  70. Davis KR, Weller SC. The effectiveness of condoms in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV. Family Planning Perspectives. 1999;31:272–279.
  71. De Graaf R, Vanwesenbeeck I, Van Zessen G, Straver CJ, Visser JH. Alcohol and drug use in heterosexual and homosexual prostitution, and its relation to protection behaviour. AIDS Care. 1995;7:35–47.
  72. Dotson EW. Behold the man: The hype and selling of male beauty in media and culture. Albany, NY: Harrington Park Press; 1999.
  73. Drummond MJN, Filiault SM. The long and short of it: Gay men’s preceptions of penis size. Gay and Lesbian Issues and Psychology Review. 2007;3:121–129.
  74. Frederick DA, Buchanan GM, Sadehgi-Azar L, Peplau LA, Haselton MG, Berezovskaya A. Desiring the muscular ideal: Men’s body satisfaction in the United States, Ukraine, and Ghana. Psychology of Men & Masculinity. 2007;8:103–117.
  75. Frost DM, Parsons JT, Nanνn JE. Stigma, concealment and symptoms of depression as explanations for sexually transmitted infections among gay men. Journal of Health Psychology. 2007;12:636–640. Garside R. Shape: A neglected factor influencing use and acceptability. International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2004;10:785–790.
  76. Grady WR, Klepinger DH, Billy JO, Tanfer K. Condom characteristics: The perceptions and preferences of men in the United States. Family Planning Perspectives. 1993;25:67–73.
  77. Grady WR, Klepinger DH, Nelson-Wally A. Contraceptive characteristics: The perceptions and priorities of men and women. Family Planning Perspectives. 1999;31:168–175.
  78. Grov C, Debusk J, Bimbi DS, Golub SA, Nanνn JE, Parsons JT. Barebacking, the Internet and harm reduction: An Intercept survey with gay and bisexual men in Los Angeles and New York City. AIDS and Behavior. 2007;11:527–536.
  79. Halkitis PN, Parsons JT. Recreational drug use and HIV-risk sexual behavior among men frequenting gay social venues. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services. 2002;14:19–38.
  80. Hall HI, Byers RH, Ling Q, Espinoza L. Racial/ethnic and age disparities in HIV prevalence and disease progression among men who have sex with men in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. 2007;97:1060–1066.
  81. Herbenick D, Reece M. Penis length and circumference as contributors to condom breakage, slippage, and perceived discomfort. European Journal of Sexual Health. 2006;15:35.
  82. Holmes KK, Levine R, Weaver M. Effectiveness of condoms in preventing sexually transmitted infections. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2004;82:454–461.
  83. Jadack RA, Fresia A, Rompalo AM, Zenilman J. Reasons for not using condoms of clients at urban sexually transmitted diseases clinics. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1997;24:402–408.
  84. Kalichman SC, Benotsch E, Rompa D, Gore-Felton C, Austin J, Luke W, et al. Unwanted sexual experiences and sexual risks in gay and bisexual men: Associations among revictimization, substance use and psychiatric symptoms. Journal of Sex Research. 2001;28:1–9.
  85. Kalichman SC, Simbaya L. Traditional beliefs about the cause of AIDS and AIDS-related stigma in South Africa. AIDS Care. 2004;16:572–580.
  86. Lawrence RH, Liang J. Structural integration of the Affect Balance Scale and the Life Satisfaction Index A: Race, sex, and age differences. Psychology and Aging. 1988;3:375–384.
  87. Lehman P. In an imperfect world, men with small penises are unforgiven. Men and Masculinities. 1998;1:123–137.
  88. Leigh BC, Ames SL, Stacy AW. Alcohol, drugs, and condom use among drug offenders: an event-based analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2008;93:38–42.
  89. Leigh BC, Morrison DM, Hoppe MJ, Beadnell B, Gillmore MR. Retrospective assessment of the association between drinking and condom use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 2008;69:773–776.
  90. Lever J, Frederick DA, Peplau LA. Does size matter? Men’s and women’s views on penis size across the lifespan. Psychology of Men and Masculinity. 2006;7:129–143.
  91. Lockwood P, Jordan CH, Kunda Z. Motivation by positive or negative role models: Regulatory focus determines who will best inspire us. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;83:854–864.
  92. Malebranche D. Black men who have sex with men and the HIV epidemic: Next steps for public health. American Journal of Public Health. 2003;93:862–865.
  93. Messner M. Politics of Masculinities: Men in Movements. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc; 1997.
  94. Miller KW, Wilder LB, Stillman FA, Becker DM. The feasibility of a street-intercept survey method in an African-American community. American Journal of Public Health. 1997;87:655–658.
  95. Mondaini N, Ponchietti R, Gontero P, Muir GH, Natali A, Caldarera E, et al. Penile length is normal in most men seeking penile lengthening procedures. International Journal of Impotency Research. 2002;14:283–286.
  96. Munoz-Silva A, Sanchez-Garcia M, Nunes C, Martins A. Gender differences in condom use prediction with Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour: The role of self-efficacy and control. AIDS Care. 2007;19:1177–1181.
  97. Osmond DH, Pollack LM, Paul JP, Catania JA. Changes in prevalence of HIV infection and sexual risk behavior in men who have sex with men in San Francisco: 1997–2002. American Journal of Public Health. 2007;97:1677–1683.
  98. Palefsky J. Human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected persons. Topics in HIV Medicine. 2007;15:130–133.
  99. Paley M. The book of the penis. New York, NY: Grove/Atlantic, Inc; 2000.
  100. Parsons JT, Schrimshaw EW, Bimbi DS, Wolitski RJ, Gomez CA, Halkitis PN. Consistent, inconsistent, and non-disclosure to casual sexual partners among HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men. AIDS. 2005;19
  101. Ponchietti R, Mondaini N, Bonafe M, DiLoro F, Biscioni S, Masieri L. Penile length and circumference: A study on 3,300 young Italian males. European Urology. 2001;39:183–186.
  102. Pope HG, Phillips KA, Olivardia R. The Adonis complex: The secret crisis of male body obsession. New York, NY: Free Press; 2000.
  103. Reece M, Dodge B, Herbenick D, Fisher C, Alexander A, Satinsky S. Experiences of condom fit and feel among African-American men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2007;83:454–457.
  104. Reece M, Herbenick D, Monahan PO, Sanders SA, Temkit M, Yarber WL. Breakage, slippage, and acceptability outcomes of a condom fitted to penile dimensions. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2008;84:143–149.
  105. Richters J, Donovan B, Gerofi J. How often do condoms break or slip off in use? International Journal of STD and AIDS. 1993;4:90–94.
  106. Richters J, Gerofi J, Donovan B. Why do condoms break or slip off in use? An exploratory study. International Journal of STD and AIDS. 1995;6:11–18.
  107. Rosenberg MJ, Waugh MS. Latex condom breakage and slippage in a controlled clinical trial. Contraception. 1997;56:17–21.
  108. Rotheram-Borus MJ, Lee M, Zhou S, O’Hara P, Birnbaum JM, Swendeman D, et al. Variation in health and risk behavior among youth living with HIV. AIDS Education and Prevention. 2001;13:42–54.
  109. Samuel M, Lo T, Klausner J, Kerndt P, Coulter S, Gould G, et al. Epidemic syphilis among gay and other men who have sex with men in California--lessons for HIV prevention. Paper presented at the 2003 National HIV Prevention Conference; Atlanta, Georgia. 2003.
  110. Schwarcz S, Scheer S, McFarland W, Katz M, Valleroy L, Chen S, et al. Prevalence of HIV infection and predictors of high-transmission sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men. American Journal of Public Health. 2007;97:1067–1075.
  111. Spyropoulos E, Borousas D, Mavrikos S, Dellis A, Bourounis M, Athanasiadis S. Size of external genital organs and somatometric parameters among physically normal men younger than 40 years old. Urology. 2002;60:485–489.
  112. Steiner MJ, Cates W. Condoms and sexually-transmitted infections. New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;354:2642–2643.
  113. Steiner MJ, Cates W. Are condoms the answer to rising rates of non-HIV sexually transmitted infections? Yes. BMJ. 2008;336:184.
  114. Steiner MJ, Cates W, Warner L. The real problem with male condoms is nonuse. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1999;26:459–462.
  115. Stulhofer A. How (un)important is penis size for women with heterosexual experience? Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2006;35:5–6.
  116. Taylor SE, Brown JD. Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin. 1988;103:193–210.
  117. World Association for Sexual Health. Sexual Health for the Millennium. A Declaration and Technical Document. Minneapolis, MN. USA: 2008.
  118. Bogaert, AF; Hershberger, S (1999). "The relation between sexual orientation and penile size". Archives of sexual behavior 28 (3): 213–21.
  119. Research says erect gay penises are bigger". Salon.com. November 4, 1999. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  120. Average Penis Size - Penis Enlargement Information for you". Retrieved 3 September 2010.
  121. Siminoski, K.; Bain, J. (1988). "The relationships among height, penile length, and foot size". Annals of Sex Research 6: 231.
  122. Shah, J; Christopher, N (2002). "Can shoe size predict penile length?". BJU international 90 (6): 586–7.
  123. Cecil, Adams (2003-08-26). "The size of things to come". The Straight Dope. Retrieved 2006-08-05.
  124. Goodman FR (October 2002). "Limb malformations and the human HOX genes". American Journal of Medical Genetics 112 (3): 256–65.
  125. Mortlock, D.; Innis, J. (1997). "Mutation of HOXA13 in hand-foot-genital syndrome". Nature genetics 15 (2): 179–180.
  126. Eisenman, R (2001). "Penis size: Survey of female perceptions of sexual satisfaction". BMC women's health 1 (1): 1.
  127. Michael Pertschuk, Alice Trisdorfer. "Men's bodies—the survey". Psychology Today.
  128. Jill Neimark. "The beefcaking of America". Psychology Today Nov–Dec 1994
  129. Penile anthropometry in Brazilian children and adolescents.; Gabrich PN, Vasconcelos JS, Damiγo R, Silva EA.; J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007 Sep-Oct;83(5):441-6.
  130. Francken, AB; Van De Wiel, HB; Van Driel, MF; Weijmar Schultz, WC (2002). "What importance do women attribute to the size of the penis?". European urology 42 (5): 426–31.
  131. The Happy Hook-Up: A Single Girl's Guide to Casual Sex. Alexa Joy Sherman, Nicole Tocantins. p208. Ten Speed Press, 2004.
  132. Small, Meredith F. (1995). What's Love Got to Do With It? The Evolution of Human Mating. Anchor Books.
  133. Bodywatching: a field guide to the human species, By Desmond Morris, 1985, p.217 of 256 pages.
  134. Adams, Michael V (1996). The multicultural imagination: race, color, and the unconscious. London: Routledge. p. 164.
  135. Schonfeld, William A. (April 1943). "Primary and secondary sexual characteristics: Study of their development in males from birth through maturity, with biometric study of penis and testes". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 65 (4): 535–49.
  136. Wylie, K.; Eardley, I. (2007). "Penile size and the 'small penis syndrome'". BJU international 99 (6): 1449–1455.
  137. Ponchietti, R; Mondaini, N; Bonafθ, M; Di Loro, F; Biscioni, S; Masieri, L (2001). "Penile length and circumference: a study on 3,300 young Italian males". European urology 39 (2): 183–6.
  138. Jamison, P.; Gebhard, P. (1988). "Penis size increase between flaccid and erect states: an analysis of the Kinsey data". Journal of Sex Research 24: 177. "Penis Size FAQ & Bibliography". Kinsey Institute. 2009.
  139. Length-boosting surgery for 'micro-penises'". New Scientist. 2004-12-06.
  140. Swan, SH; Main, KM; Liu, F; Stewart, SL; Kruse, RL; Calafat, AM; Mao, CS; Redmon, JB et al. (2005). "Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure". Environmental health perspectives 113 (8): 1056–61.
  141. Aversa A, Isidori AM, Greco EA, Giannetta E, Gianfrilli D, Spera E, Fabbri A. Hormonal supplementation and erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol. 2004;45: 535 -538.
  142. Aversa A, Isidori AM, Spera G, Lenzi A, Fabbri A. Androgens improve cavernous vasodilation and response to sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction. Clin Endocrinol. 2003; 58: 632 -638.
  143. Baba K, Yajima M, Carrier S, Morgan DM, Nunes L, Lue TF, Iwamoto T. Delayed testosterone replacement restores nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers and the erectile response in rat penis. BJU Int. 2000;85: 953 -958.
  144. Bancroft J, ed. Assessing people with sexual problems. Human Sexuality and Its Problems. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone; 1989: 412 -455.
  145. Bancroft J, Wu FC. Changes in erectile responsiveness during androgen replacement therapy. Arch Sex Behav. 1983; 12: 59 -66.
  146. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiat. 1961; 4: 53 -63.
  147. Boolell M, Gepi-Attee S, Gingell JC, Allen MJ. Sildenafil, a novel effective oral therapy for male erectile dysfunction. Br J Urol. 1996; 78: 257 -261.
  148. Bradley WE. New techniques in evaluation of impotence. Urology. 1987; 29: 383 -388.
  149. Burris AS, Banks SM, Smerins RJ. Quantitative assessment of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity in normal men using a home monitor. J Androl. 1989;10: 492 -497.
  150. Carani C, Granata ARM, Bancroft J, Marrama P. The effects of testosterone replacement on nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity and erectile response to visual erotic stimuli in hypogonadal men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1995; 20: 743 -753.
  151. Carani C, Granata ARM, Faustini Fustini M, Marrama P. Prolactin and testosterone: their role in male sexual function. Int J Androl. 1996; 19: 48 -54. Cunningham GR, Hirshkowitz M, Korenman SG, Karacan I. Testosterone replacement therapy and sleep-related erections in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990; 70: 792 -797.
  152. Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers WD, Wicker PA. Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. New Engl J Med. 1998;338: 1397 -1404.
  153. Granata AR, Bancroft J, Del Rio G. Stress and the erectile response to intracavernosal prostaglandin E1 in men with erectile dysfunction. Psychosom Med. 1995; 57: 336 -344.
  154. Granata AR, Rochira V, Lerchl A, Marrama P, Carani C. Relationship between sleep-related erections and testosterone levels in men. J Androl. 1997;18: 522 -527.
  155. Guay AT, Heatley GJ, Murray FT. Comparison of results of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity in a sleep laboratory versus a portable home monitor. Urology. 1996; 48: 912 -916.
  156. Guay AT, Perez JB, Jacobson J, Newton RA. Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate for treatment of erectile dysfunction in a population with associated organic risk factors. J Androl. 2001; 22: 793 -797.
  157. Kalinchenko SY, Kozlov GI, Gontcharov NP, Katsiya GV. Oral testosterone undecanoate restores erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus in patients failing on Viagra therapy alone. Aging Male. 2003; 6: 94 -99. Karacan I. Diagnosis and treatment of erectile impotence. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1980; 3: 97 -111.
  158. Kessler WO. Nocturnal penile tumescence. Urol Clin North Am. 1988; 20: 81 -86.
  159. Kwan M, Greenleaf WJ, Mann J, Crapo L, Davidson JM. The nature of androgen action on male sexuality: a combined laboratory self report study on hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983; 57: 557 -562.
  160. Lin CS, Chow S, Lau A, Tu R, Lue TF. Identification and regulation of human PDE5A gene promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001; 280: 684 -692.
  161. Lue TF. Erectile dysfunction. New Engl J Med. 2000;342: 1802 -1813. Marin R, Escrig A, Abreu P, Mas M. Androgen-dependent nitric oxide release in rat penis correlates with levels of constitutive nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes. Biol Reprod. 1999; 61: 1012 -1016.
  162. Mills T, Stopper V, Wiedmeier V. Effects of castration and androgen replacement on the hemodynamics of penile erections in the rat. Biol Reprod. 1994; 51: 234 -238.
  163. Montorsi F, Maga T, Strambi LF, Salonia A, Barbieri L, Scattoni V, Guazzoni G, Losa A, Rigatti P, Pizzini G. Sildenafil taken at bedtime significantly increases nocturnal erections: results of a placebo-controlled study. Urology. 2000; 56: 906 -911.
  164. Morelli AM, Filippi S, Mancina R, Luconi M, Vignozzi L, Marini M, Orlando C, Vannelli GB, Aversa A, Natali A, Forti G, Giorgi M, Jannini EA, Ledda F, Maggi M. Androgens regulate phosphodiesterase type 5 expression and functional activity in corpora cavernosa. Endocrinology. 2004; 145: 2253 -2263.
  165. Munoz MM, Bancroft J, Marshall I. The performance of the Rigiscan in the measurement of penile tumescence and rigidity. Int J Impot Res. 1993;5: 69 -76.
  166. Reilly CM, Zamorano P, Stopper VS, Mills TM. Androgenic regulation of NO availability in rat penile erection. J Androl. 1997; 18: 110 -115.
  167. Rendell MS, Rajfer J, Wicker PA, Smith MD. Sildenafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Sildenafil Diabetes Study Group. JAMA. 1999; 281: 421 -426.
  168. Robbins A. Androgens and male sexual behavior. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 1996;7: 345 -350.
  169. Rochira V, Granata ARM, Balestrieri A, Madeo B, Carani C. Effects of sildenafil on nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity in normal men: randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Androl. 2002;23: 566 -571.
  170. Schirar A, Bonnefond C, Meusnier C, Devinoy E. Androgens modulate nitric oxide synthase messenger ribonucleic acid expression in neurons of the major pelvic ganglion in the rat. Endocrinology. 1997; 138: 3093 -3102.
  171. Shabsigh R. The effects of testosterone on the cavernous tissue and erectile function. World J Urol. 1997; 15: 21 -26.
  172. Shabsigh R. Testosterone therapy in erectile dysfunction. Aging Male. 2004; 7: 312 -318.
  173. Shabsigh R, Kaufman JM, Steidle C, Padma-Nathan H. Randomized study of testosterone gel as adjunctive therapy to Sildenafil in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction who do not respond to Sildenafil alone. J Urol. 2004;172: 658 -663. Shen ZJ, Zhou XL, Lu YL, Chen ZD. Effect of androgen deprivation on penile ultrastructure. Asian J Androl. 2003; 5: 33 -36.
  174. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R. Manual of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologist Press Inc; 1970.
  175. Terradas C, Levalle O, Nagelberg A, Mormandi E. Sildenafil improves nocturnal penile erections in organic impotence. Int J Impot Res. 2001;13: 125 -129.
  176. Traish AM, Park K, Dhir V, Kim NN, Moreland RB, Goldstein I. Effects of castration and androgen replacement on erectile function in a rabbit model. Endocrinology. 1999; 140: 1861 -1868.
  177. Yaman O, Tokath Z, Inal T, Anafarta K. Effect of sildenafil on nocturnal erections of potent men. Int J Impot Res. 2003; 15: 117 -121.
  178. Zhang XH, Hu LQ, Zheng XM, Li SW. Apoptosis in rat erectile tissue induced by castration. Asian J Androl. 1999; 1: 181 -185.
  179. Acerini CL, Hughes IA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: a new and emerging public health problem? Arch Dis Child. 2006;91(8):633–641. Arbuckle TE, Hauser R, Swan SH, Mao CS, Longnecker MP, Main KM, et al. Meeting report: measuring endocrine-sensitive endpoints within the first years of life. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116:948–951.
  180. Boas M, Boisen KA, Virtanen HE, Kaleva M, Suomi AM, Schmidt IM, et al. Postnatal penile length and growth rate correlate to serum testosterone levels: a longitudinal study of 1962 normal boys. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154(1):125–129.
  181. Bowman CJ, Barlow NJ, Turner KJ, Wallace DG, Foster PM. Effects of in utero exposure to finasteride on androgen-dependent reproductive development in the male rat. Toxicol Sci. 2003;74(2):393–406.
  182. Callegari C, Everett S, Ross M, Brasel JA. Anogenital ratio: measure of fetal virilization in premature and full-term newborn infants. J Pediatr. 1987;111(2):240–243.
  183. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto AM, et al. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev. 2009;30(4):293–342.
  184. Foresta C, Zuccarello D, Garolla A, Ferlin A. Role of hormones, genes, and environment in human cryptorchidism. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(5):560–580.
  185. Freeman JV, Cole TJ, Chinn S, Jones PR, White EM, Preece MA. Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990. Arch Dis Child. 1995;73(1):17–24.
  186. Gallavan RH, Jr, Holson JF, Stump DG, Knapp JF, Reynolds VL. Interpreting the toxicologic significance of alterations in anogenital distance: potential for confounding effects of progeny body weights. Reprod Toxicol. 1999;13(5):383–390.
  187. Hsieh MH, Breyer BN, Eisenberg ML, Baskin LS. Associations among hypospadias, cryptorchidism, anogenital distance, and endocrine disruption. Curr Urol Rep. 2008;9(2):137–142.
  188. Lloyd J, Crouch NS, Minto CL, Liao LM, Creighton SM. Female genital appearance: “normality” unfolds. BJOG. 2005;112(5):643–646.
  189. Longnecker MP, Gladen BC, Cupul-Uicab LA, Romano-Riquer SP, Weber JP, Chapin RE, et al. In utero exposure to the antiandrogen 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) in relation to anogenital distance in male newborns from Chiapas, Mexico. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(9):1015–1022.
  190. McIntyre BS, Barlow NJ, Foster PM. Androgen-mediated development in male rat offspring exposed to flutamide in utero: permanence and correlation of early postnatal changes in anogenital distance and nipple retention with malformations in androgen-dependent tissues. Toxicol Sci. 2001;62(2):236–249.
  191. Mylchreest E, Wallace DG, Cattley RC, Foster PM. Dose-dependent alterations in androgen-regulated male reproductive development in rats exposed to di(n-butyl) phthalate during late gestation. Toxicol Sci. 2000;55(1):143–151.
  192. Phillip M, De Boer C, Pilpel D, Karplus M, Sofer S. Clitoral and penile sizes of full term newborns in two different ethnic groups. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1996;9(2):175–179.
  193. Romano-Riquer SP, Hernandez-Avila M, Gladen BC, Cupul-Uicab LA, Longnecker MP. Reliability and determinants of anogenital distance and penis dimensions in male newborns from Chiapas, Mexico. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007;21(3):219–228.
  194. Salazar-Martinez E, Romano-Riquer P, Yanez-Marquez E, Longnecker MP, Hernandez-Avila M. Anogenital distance in human male and female newborns: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Environ Health. 2004;3(1):8. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-3-8.
  195. Swan SH, Main KM, Liu F, Stewart SL, Kruse RL, Calafat AM, et al. Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:1056–1061.
  196. Toppari J, Larsen JC, Christiansen P, Giwercman A, Grandjean P, Guillette LJ, Jr, et al. Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104(suppl 4):741–803.
  197. Torres-Sanchez L, Zepeda M, Cebrian ME, Belkind-Gerson J, Garcia-Hernandez RM, Belkind-Valdovinos U, et al. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy alters the anal position in male infants. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2008;1140:155–162.
  198. Ulijaszek SJ, Kerr DA. Anthropometric measurement error and the assessment of nutritional status. Br J Nutr. 1999;82(3):165–177.
  199. Vandenberg LN, Maffini MV, Sonnenschein C, Rubin BS, Soto AM. Bisphenol-A and the great divide: a review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption. Endocr Rev. 2009;30(1):75–95.
  200. Virtanen HE, Rajpert-De ME, Main KM, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome and the development and occurrence of male reproductive disorders. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005;207(2 suppl):501–505.
  201. Wohlfahrt-Veje C, Main KM, Skakkebaek NE. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome; fetal origin of adult reproductive problems. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03545.x.
  202. Wolf CJ, LeBlanc GA, Gray LE., Jr Interactive effects of vinclozolin and testosterone propionate on pregnancy and sexual differentiation of the male and female SD rat. Toxicol Sci. 2004;78(1):135–143.
  203. Aaronson IA. Micropenis: medical and surgical implications. J Urol 1994; 152:4-14.
  204. Lian WB, Lee WR, Ho LY. Penile length of newborns in Singapore. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000; 13:55-62.
  205. Cheng PK, Chanoine JP. Should the definition of micropenis vary according to ethnicity? Horm Res 2001; 55:278-81.
  206. Feldman KW, Smith DW. Fetal phallic growth and penile standards for newborn male infants. J Pediatr 1975; 86:395-8.
  207. Flatau E, Josefsberg Z, Reisner SH, Bialik O, Iaron Z. Letter: Penile size in the newborn infant. J Pediatr 1975; 87:663-4.
  208. Daly LE, Bourke GJ. Interpretation and Uses of Medical Statistics. 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2000.
  209. Al-Herbish AS. Standard penile size for normal full term newborns in the Saudi population. Saudi Med J 2002; 23:314-6.
  210. Vasudevan G, Manivarmane, Bhat BV, Bhatia BD, Kumar S. Genital standards for south Indian male newborns. Indian J Pediatr 1995; 62:593-6.
  211. Sutan-Assin M, Rukman J, Dahlan A. Penile dimensions of newborn infants. Paediatr Indones 1989; 29:146-50.
  212. Fok TF, Hon KL, So FK, et al. Normative data of penile length for term Chinese newborns. Biol Neonate 2005; 87:242-5.
  213. Grumbach MM, Hughes IA, Conte FA. Disorders of sex differentiation. In: Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology.10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2003: 842-77.
  214. Winter JS, Hughes IA, Reyes FI, Faiman C. Pituitary-gonadal relations in infancy: 2. Patterns of serum gonadal steroid concentrations in man from birth to two years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976; 42:679-86
herbal products kruie produkte suid afrika

Articles of interest

Ageless herbal product range

Our Ageless herbal product range

Skin care

  • Healing cream
    • To assist in wound healing while soothing skin complaints – such as eczema and psoriasis, acne and piles and moisturizing and protecting the skin. This product has shown its effectiveness over a wide range of problems and judging from sales over more than a decade – it is the trusted healing cream to help with all mishaps, allergic reactions, irritated, burning, itchy and uncomfortable skin conditions.
  • Face wash
    • This face wash will properly clean your face and remove all impurities and environmental pollutants, without drying the skin. It contains eight herbal extracts to help promote a clear, vital and healthy complexion and a younger looking skin.
  • Moisturizing day cream
    • This day cream is formulated to help fight the signs of aging on various fronts. It helps to reduce free radical damage which, if left unchecked, leads to premature aging. The herbal extracts help to promote cell rejuvenation and regeneration and provide moisture and hydration to the skin.
  • Nourishing night cream
    • This nourishing night cream penetrates the skin extremely well and does not make the skin feel oily. It contains a host of herbal extracts to help in the fight against premature aging and has added vitamin E as well. Apart from the moisturizing effect and the anti-aging properties it also softens and smoothes the skin.
  • Eye gel
    • An effective refreshing eye gel to help reduce puffiness and dark rings around the eyes, while fighting wrinkles and lines. This is a very clever combination of herbal extracts and the base formula has its roots in a clinically proven formula.
  • Mud face mask
    • With this skin treatment product we combined a special selection of herbs in a base of thermal mud with oligoelements. This recommended weekly treatment will boost circulation to the skin, help to fight wrinkles and lines, improve firmness while at the same time improving suppleness and elasticity of the skin.

 

Hair care

  • Shampoo with rosemary extract + 7 other herbals
    • Our shampoo is in a class of its own – and granted – it is far more expensive than cheap supermarket shampoos, but no other shampoo has the active ingredients we have in our shampoo. The rosemary will boost the health of the hair and scalp, while the other seven herbal extracts will help strengthen the hair and make it shine, increase the volume and make it manageable.
  • Rosemary hair treatment conditioner
    • We have found that this hair conditioner should really be used as a conditioning treatment. This then removes the need to condition the hair every time you wash – and can be used once a month. It is a superb hair tonic and helps in the control of sebum secretion of the scalp. Although not formulated for dandruff – the ingredients will assist with this as well, while supporting the health of the scalp.

 

Specialized herbal gels and lotions

  • Hand and body lotion
    • When formulating this hand and body lotion we created a rich nourishing, protecting and reviving lotion, which will not leave the skin oily or tacky, but will create a well moisturized, hydrated and supple skin. After applying this lotion it will quickly be absorbed by the skin, leaving it silky soft, smooth and well moisturized.
  • Stretch mark gel
    • Although nothing can remove already formed stretch marks (only surgery can do that) – thousands of satisfied clients confirm that this gel improves the appearance of old stretch marks. The gel will help in PREVENTING stretch marks (a 92% success rate) and is used with great success by expectant mothers and body builders who may form marks when bulking-up. The formula of this gel is based on clinical studies done in France, to which we added other herbal extracts.

 

Herbal supplements

 

Other products

  • Jojoba oil
    • This liquid golden ester not only moisturizes and penetrates the skin but also helps to fight wrinkles and lines while promoting a clear and unblemished skin. Jojoba does not clog the pores but helps to restore skin elasticity and smoothness. It will leave the skin supple and velvety soft without any oiliness and can be used neat on the skin.
  • Almond oil
    • This light and deeply moisturizing oil has a softening effect on the skin and can be used on the face and body. Almond oil has excellent emollient properties and helps to balance water and moisture loss in the skin. It can be used neat on the skin and also makes an excellent massage base.

Herbal information

Herbal encyclopedia

Different uses of medicinal herbs

Explanation of the therapeutic properties of herbs

List of ailments and herbs that may be useful


Information on individual herbs

pci dss compliant
website and shopping security
sallamander concepts
Ageless essential oils
Agelesshealth South African herbal and essential oils products

 


Information contained on this website is for general information purposes only
and must not be used to treat or diagnose medical conditions.


All health problems must be referred to a health care professional.

Statements made regarding the products, ingredients and general information
have not been evaluated by the FDA or SAHPRA and should not be seen as health claims.


All ingredients used in our products are safe and are not banned, controlled or restricted.

All products are manufactured in licensed laboratories following strict GMP and ISO standards.

Our site was last updated on 1 January 2024

© Sallamander Manufacturing CC 2006 - 2024